GLYCOSYLATION OF HEMAGGLUTININ AND NEURAMINIDASE OF INFLUENZA A VIRUS AS SIGNATURE FOR ECOLOGICAL SPILLOVER AND ADAPTATION AMONG INFLUENZA RESERVOIRS

Glycosylation of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of the influenza provides crucial means for immune evasion and viral fitness in a host population.However, the time-dependent dynamics of each glycosylation sites have not been addressed.We monitored the potential N-linked glycosylation (NLG) sites of over 10,000 HA and NA of H1N1 subty

Abstract Background Most malaria vectors belong to species complexes.Sibling species often exhibit divergent behaviors dictating the measures that can be deployed effectively in their control.Despite the importance of the Anopheles funestus complex in malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, sibling Campping Beds species have rarely been identif

Following the example of the United States, Japanese companies have been appointing more independent outside directors in recent years.Independent outside directors are regarded as playing a key role in determining executive compensation and other managerial oversight functions.Prior research mostly supports this idea with Star Dish respect to U.S.

In MELATONIN 3MG eukaryotic cells an uncleavable ubiquitin moiety conjugated to the N-terminus of a protein signals the degradation of the fusion protein via the proteasome-dependent ubiquitin fusion degradation (UFD) pathway.In yeast the molecular mechanism of the UFD pathway has been well characterized.Recently the human E3 ubiquitin-protein liga

Mathematical modelling assumes that the vehicle’s volume has a uniform pattern.Due to traffic lights settings, the number of vehicles queue grows linearly.The reality, the stochastic arrivals of the vehicles could be Specialty Lighting (1) in the randomized arrivals, (2) in the form of groups/ platoon, or (3) in the mixed arrivals.It is obse